Internment is segregation and confinement of those who are considered suspicious persons. Internment refers to the arrest and detention without trial of people suspected of being members of illegal paramilitary groups. In spring 1939 another wave of refugees reached the country after the Spanish Civil War, whereupon the government of Edouard Daladier reacted by building internment camps in the south of France. Bush defenders advanced several arguments in response to internment comparisons. The most conservative is an ardent defense of national security policies and an implicit approval of the internment.
Internment Without Trial; The Lessons from the United States, Northern Ireland & Israel - FERGAL F. DAVIS, University of Sheffield, School of Law. Abstract: Internment without trial is neither novel nor normal; it is an emergency measure, which has regularly been employed. As a result, internment has a long, if not distinguished, history. This article aims to identify some of the difficulties associated with the application of a policy of internment. Due to the ongoing use of internment around the world, this exercise is, in and of itself, a useful one. Following the introduction of the Anti-Terror Crimes and Security Act 2001, which saw internment reinstated on the UK statute books.
Rights in Times of Crisis: American Citizens and Internment.
West, Jean; Schamel, Wynell Burroughs. Abstract:
Discusses instances of departure from the rights guaranteed to U.S. citizens by
the Bill of Rights. Describes the internment of Japanese-Americans during the
Second World War and other incidents in which the government denied individual
rights. Details teaching activities intended to increase student understanding
of such events. Proposes student research topics.
The Internment of
Civilians by Belligerent States during the First World War and the Response of the
International Committee of the Red Cross - Matthew Stibbe, Sheffield Hallam
University - Journal of Contemporary History, Vol. 41, No. 1, 5-19 (2006).
Between 1914 and 1918 several hundred thousand ‘enemy aliens’ were interned by
the belligerent nations of the first world war, and many more civilians were trapped
behind enemy lines in their own countries. This article looks at the efforts made by the
International Committee of the Red Cross and other relief agencies to alleviate the plight
of non-combatants held in internment camps. It also examines the dilemmas faced by neutral
inspection teams, and asks why the ICRC in particular failed in its attempts to secure
equal and humane treatment for civilian prisoners.
From Potential Friends to Potential Enemies: The Internment of 'Hostile Foreigners' in France at the Beginning of the Second World War - Regina Delacor, German Historical Institute, Paris, France. After Hitler came to power, France had been one of the most important host countries for emigrants from Germany. The German-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact of August 1939 and the outbreak of the second world war caused the French Home Office to do an about-turn. In an atmosphere of anti-communist hysteria, antisemitism and xenophobia, Daladier articulated his mistrust of communists and 'hostile foreigners' and as well as arrests, ordered the mass internment of immigrants originally from the territories of Greater Germany.
Civil Rights and Japanese-American Internment.
Francis, Greg; Hojo, Samantha; Lai, Selena; Mukai, Gary; Yoda, Steven.
Abstract: Students may not be as familiar with the Asian American struggle for equal
rights as they are with the black struggle for equal rights. But Asian Americans' civil
rights have also been challenged and/or denied throughout their history in the United
States. This curriculum module contains lessons that can be used as a supplement to
history textbooks' coverage of Japanese-American internment or as a self-contained unit on
the topic. "Prelude to Internment," describes the precarious
position Japanese Americans were thrust into following the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor
on December 7, 1941.
Raising the Red Flag: The Continued Relevance of the Japanese Internment in the
Post-Hamdi World - AYA GRUBER, Florida International University -
College of Law - Kansas Law Review, Vol. 54, 2006.
Abstract: In the years since the terrorist attacks of September 11th, the Japanese
interment has re-emerged as a topic of serious discourse among legal scholars,
politicians, civil libertarians, and society in general. Civil libertarians
invoke the internment to caution policy-makers against two of the most serious dangers of
repressive national security policies: racial decision-making and incarceration without
process. Distancing arguments assert that both the de
facto psychology of the nation and the structure of the law now disfavor internment. The
problem with such arguments is that they undercut the persuasive force internment
reminders. This article critically analyzes the claim that the law has progressed since the time the
internment by conducting a jurisprudential comparison of the internment cases and
terrorism detention cases.
Watching the Watchers: Enemy Combatants in the Internment's Shadow
JERRY KANG, University of California, Los Angeles - School of Law, UCLA School
of Law Research Paper.
Abstract: In Denying Prejudice: Internment, Redress, and Denial (2004), I tried
to further a careful remembering of the internment as precedent and parable by
holding the judiciary to account. The accounting was for what it did not only in
the 1940s internment cases decided by the Supreme Court, but also the less
well-known 1980s coram nobis cases decided in the Ninth Circuit. My objective
was to unmask the sophistic ways that the judiciary avoided accountability for
the racist civil rights disaster. With a straight face, the Court held that the internment camps
were never authorized by the political branches; rather, they were an ultra
vires frolic committed by a civilian agency called the War Relocation Authority.
The Japanese Internment and the Racial State of Exception Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Western Political Science Association - Lee, F. I. (2006, Mar). Abstract: Historical accounts of the Japanese internment often turn on the question of whether the rights of Japanese Americans were justifiably sacrificed to military necessity or were unjustifiably violated by racism. My analysis cuts through this normative question with the political theory of Carl Schmitt, theorizing the internment as a succession of sovereign decisions on the friend and enemy distinction in a state of exception from which a state project of racial assimilation emerged. In the sovereign decision on the state of exception, the state declared the unassimilated and dangerous Japanese American to be the racial enemy. The camp leave clearance policies then rearticulated the friend and enemy distinction in forwarding the state’s attempt to assimilate the loyal Japanese Americans into the wartime society as racial friends.