The term
'Criminal
Recidivism' is frequently used along with criminal behavior and substance abuse
as recidivism is a synonym for relapse. Criminal Recidivism is
repetition of criminal behavior by an offender previously convicted and punished for an
offence. Criminal Recidivism is a
measure of the effectiveness of
rehabilitative ideal
or the deterrent effect of punishment. Criminal recidivism rates are high in the United States, Netherlands, England
and Wales reaching figures above 50%. Individuals with a criminal record facing
difficulties in the labour market also raises the possibility of criminal
recidivism.
The term 'Criminal Recidivism' is also used to refer to the percentage people who are rearrested for a similar offense they commited earlier. The term Recidivism is a synonym for "relapse", used in medicine. While an important concept in evaluation research, criminologists have great difficulty in determining just how to measure criminal recidivism. For example, Is it criminal recidivism to commit a less serious offence than the previous offence? Is it criminal recidivism to be returned to prison for a violation of the terms of parole? The term criminal recidivism in the context of terrorism recidivism is used to refer to the return to terrorist activity after a period of formal sanction or detention. The term, re-engagement, is used to describe a return to terrorist activity after a window of disengagement, regardless of whether or not the disengagement was the result of detention or incarceration or due to more voluntary factors.
Brief motivation
enhancing intervention to prevent criminal recidivism in substance-abusing
offenders under supervision: a randomized trial.
Lilach Shaul, Maarten W. J. Koeter & Gerard M.
Schippers.
ABSTRACT: The
goal of this study was to assess the effect of a brief motivation enhancing
intervention (MEI) on criminal recidivism. This was a multi-site,
cluster-randomized clinical trial in six addiction probation offices.
Criminal Recidivism after Prison and Electronic
Monitoring
Rafael Di Tella, Ernesto Schargrodsky
Abstract: We
study the re-arrest rates for two groups: individuals formerly in prison and
individuals formerly under electronic monitoring (EM). We find that the
recidivism rate of former prisoners is 22% while that for those 'treated' with
electronic monitoring is 13% (40% lower).
Criminal Recidivism - Explanation, prediction and
prevention
By Georgia Zara, David P. Farrington.
Criminal Recidivism intends to fill a gap in the
criminological psychology literature by examining the processes underlying
persistent criminal careers. This book aims to investigate criminal recidivism,
and why, how and for how long an individual continues to commit crimes, whilst
also reviewing knowledge about risk assessment and the role of psychopathy in
encouraging recidivism. It also focuses on the recidivism of sex offenders and
on what works in reducing reoffending. At an empirical level, this book attempts
to explain criminal persistence and recidivism using longitudinal data from the
Cambridge Study in Delinquent Development. At a psycho-criminological level it
joins together quantitative and qualitative analyses, making its content a
practical guide to explain, predict, and intervene to reduce the risk of
criminal recidivism.
The National Trajectory Project of Individuals
Found Not Criminally Responsible on Account of Mental Disorder in Canada. Part
4: Criminal Recidivism. Yanick Charette, Anne G Crocker, Michael C
Seto, Leila Salem, Tonia L Nicholls, and Malijai Caulet.
Objective: To examine criminal recidivism rates of a
large sample of people found not criminally responsible on account of mental
disorder in Canada’s 3 most populous provinces, British Columbia,
Ontario, and Quebec. Public concern about the dangerousness of people found
NCRMD has been fed by media attention on high-profile cases. However, little
research is available on the rate of reoffending among people found criminally
responsible on account of mental disorder across
Canadian provinces.