Xenophobia is the fear of strangers. Xenophobia is distrust of anything perceived as foreign. Xenophobia is related to the concepts of racism and ethnocentrism. South African Human Rights Commission identified xenophobia as a source of concern. Xenophobia is an individual's irrational hatred of people perceived as different and foreign. Xenophobia can be overcome by appreciating the ideas of culture and social structure. Research on xenophobia is dominated by social identity theory considerations of group identity. Larger immigrant populations dampen xenophobic attitudes, supportive of the social contact theory.
The convergence of ideology and a sense of threat in the political culture produces political xenophobia. Political xenophobia is a form of hostility toward foreigners that requires a chain of elements. Violence against foreigners and murders of homeless people committed during past decades have rekindled the debate on xenophobia in united Germany.
Evidence of xenophobia can be seen in violent assaults on immigrants by hands of citizens. Berlin Wall and now the Mexican Wall show the absurdity of the money poured into what amounts to little more than a broad symbol of xenophobia.
Xenophilia is the opposite of xenophobia or xenophoby. Who is a 'stranger' and what is to be feared are important to conflict perspectives and to the quest for social justice. Xenophilia, also called Xenophily, is affection for unknown objects or human beings. Homophobia is the fear of homosexuals.
Xenophobia: Understanding the Roots and Consequences of Negative Attitudes toward Immigrants - Yakushko, Oksana, Counseling Psychologist. Abstract: Multicultural research is explored to examine the causes of negative attitudes toward immigration. Expressions of xenophobia in the United States are are compared with scholarship in cross-culture.
What
the Future May Bring - Xenophobia among Swedish Adolescents
Mikael Hjerm, Umea University, Sweden - Acta Sociologica.
Falling resources for the teaching of values of liberal democracy and multiculturalism. The empirical
evidence are drawn from a national sample. How xenophobia among Swedish teenage school
adolescents is related to other values in the democratic system.
Ethnocentrism and Xenophobia: A Cross-Cultural Study Elizabeth Cashdan - People readily develop strong loyalties to their own ethnic group and discriminate against outsiders. Cross-cultural analysis data is used to determine the factors that strengthen and weaken these tendencies.
Xenophobia and Ethnoviolence
in Contemporary Germany - Marina A. Adler
Uses 1980s and 1990s data on xenophobia in Germany to organize theoretical arguments
holding capitalism, social change
and political culture responsible for the observed patterns.
French Xenophobia and Immigrant Contact: Public Attitudes Toward Immigrants - Digiusto, Gerald. and Jolly, Seth. Abstract: Does the presence of minorities in a local community affect xenophobic attitudes?
African
Union: Xenophobia as poor intercultural communication - Matt Mogekwu.
The world is moving towards globalisation and Africa is
addressing both intra-national and international communication crises. That xenophobia is
a cultural blind spot and source of conflict which could be addressed functionally and
formally.
Xenophobia
and right-wing-extremism in German youth groups - Some evidence against unidimensional
misinterpretations
Wolfgang Frindte, Friedrich Funke and Sven Waldzus, University of Jena, Germany.
Abstract: The xenophobian orientations among young people have been studied after the
German reunification. The overlap between extreme right-wing social orientation and other variables are analyzed.
Reconsidering Fascist Anti-Semitism and Xenophobia in 1920s France: The Doctrinal
Contribution of Georges Valois and the Faisceau - Samuel Kalman, Salem College in
Winston-Salem.
Abstract: The subject of fascism in interwar France has
prioritized the issues of anti-Semitism and xenophobia.
Xenophobia on a Suburban Paris Housing Estate - Haegel F. Patterns of Prejudice. Abstract: The paradigm of the xenophobic discourse seems to be hospitality rather than allowing the foreigner a place of his or her own.
On the Development of Xenophobia in Germany: The Adolescent Years - Boehnke, Klaus; Hagan, John; Hefler, Gerd. Abstract: Xenophobic incidents occurring in Germany have drawn high media attention due to historical reasons. Two-wave cross-sectional study and a two-cohort longitudinal study to asses levels of xenophobia in the adolescent years.
Hatred by hated people:
xenophobia in Israel - Pedahzur, Ami, Yishai, Yael. Research to examine the xenophobia majority in Israel basing on a survey of a Jewish urban
population. Findings prove the existence of hatred and levels of hatred differed according
to targeted social groups.
The culture of local xenophobia -
K. D. M. Snell.
Abstract: Local xenophobia in rural and cottage-industrial areas of England and Wales
during the period 1700-1938. The culture of local xenophobia is discussed.
The chill wind of Korean xenophobia
- Kim Wan-Soon, Lee You-Il.
Abstract: Xenophobia of South Korea has re-emerged. The increasing number of
foreign-controlled banks and the rise of grievance cases have impelled Korea to dislike
foreign capital.
Political
Xenophobia in the Transition from Socialism: Threat, Racism and Ideology among East German
Youth. by: Meredith W. Watts.
Xenophilia
or Xenophobia in American Courts? Before and After 9/11 - Kevin M.
Clermont, Theodore Eisenberg. -
Abstract: Data indicate that foreigners have fared better in the federal courts than their
domestic counterparts. Data offer no support for the existence of xenophobic bias nor do
they establish xenophilia.
National
Identity and Xenophobia in an Ethnically Divided Society - Noah Lewin-Epstein
and Asaf Levanon.
Abstract: National identity is empirically related to negative sentiments of individuals
towards foreigners. The notion that xenophobia is shaped by the specific nature of
national identity in a given society.
A
new perspective in social research: Xenophobia: The deep roots of extreme emotions. WAHL Klaus, TRAMITZ Christiane.
International
Outsourcing: Legality of Xenophobia in Outsourcing - Outsourcing Law.
Overview: Layoffs during the downward economic cycle following the dot.com bubble and the
9/11 attack have had a severe impact on the local economies.
Xenophobia
in South Africa: the views, opinions and experiences of international students at the Rand
Afrikaans University
Shindondola, Hilma Kupila.
Abstract: The nature of xenophobia in South Africa the experiences of international
students and their views about xenophobia.
Migration,
Integration and Xenophobia in South Africa
How the issues are being faced in a Township in an Industrial Metropolis -
Anna Ihle, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University.
The
Political Uses of Xenophobia in England, France and Germany
- Dietrich Thranhardt.
The nature of xenophobia and why race politics were employed in West Europe at
the end of the Cold War. The ups and downs of xenophobia as a product of
campaign strategies.
National
identity and xenophobia: the interplay between economic interests and identity issues in
cross-national perspective - Coenders, Marcel. and Hjerm, Mikael.
Racism and Xenophobia: A Brief Note on the Scottish Experience - Honourable Lord Gill.
IMMIGRATION, XENOPHOBIA AND HUMAN RIGHTS IN SOUTH AFRICA - Series Editor: Jonathan Crush, Southern African Migration Project, Migration Policy Series No. 22. What is the evidence of xenophobia against African immigrants? The SAHRC launched a education programme known as the Roll Back Xenophobia Campaign. The Congress of South African Trade Unions have also condemned xenophobia.