Transnational Corporation is also called a Multinational Corporation. Transnational Corporation operates in more than one country at a time. Transnational Corporations are multinational corporations whose sales and production are carried out in many different nations. As a result of their multinational reach these transnational corporations are often thought to be beyond the political control of any individual nation state. There has been widespread agreement that transnational corporations constrained the exercise of state power in the Third World. A new orthodoxy has emerged which suggests that the transnational corporation rather than national sovereignty is increasingly 'at bay'.
Transnational Corporations are now analogised to individuals competing in the marketplace. Multinational Corporations can be Conglomerates, and belong to the McWorld. It is clear first that the sharing of equity is a long way from the sharing of control in joint ventures with transnational corporations. Any assessment of the balance of bargaining power between states and transnational corporations must take account of the dynamics of change within each of the major protagonists.
The balance of bargaining power between host-countries and transnational corporations has not shifted either as far or as quickly as most of the advocates of the 'resurgence of the state' literature maintain. - The Illusion of State Power: Transnational Corporations and the Neutralization of Host-Country Legislation - Thomas J. Biersteker.
Transnational Corporations and Repression of Political Rights and Civil Liberties: An Empirical Analysis - MATTHIAS BUSSE, HWWI - Abstract: Transnational Corporations are often accused by non-governmental organisations of ignoring fundamental democratic rights, such as civil liberties and political rights, in the countries of their investments.
Controlling Transnational Corporations: The Role of Governmental
Entities and Grassroots Organizations in Combating
White-Collar Crime - Jurg
Gerber, Eric L. Jensen.
Controlling transnational corporations is problematic because of the absence of powerful
international regulations and inconsistent national legislation. Transnational
corporations that conduct business in several countries can therefore often engage in
corporate behavior that are illegal in one country but not in others. However, efforts to
control these transnational corporations are undertaken in spite of such difficulties.
Transnational
Corporations - Power, Influence and Responsibility -
Sorcha Macleod, Douglas Lewis.
In terms of the New World Order, the largest Transnational Corporations are central
players. Transnational Corporations
influence the destinies of individual economies in the developing world. Any
constitutional architect who does not attempt to set a framework of accountability and
global citizenship for the Transnational Corporations would demean their craft. How do we
orchestrate the healthy influence of Transnational Corporations in terms of economic
growth and opportunity with the necessity of their conforming to the underlying
values of
the world community? More and more detailed information is becoming available on the influential
activities of Transnational Corporations but as yet there appears to be no game plan for
where they fit in to canons of global responsibility.
Transnational firms and the changing organisation of innovative activities - A Zanfei.
Abstract: It is suggested that a transition is taking place towards new modes of
organising transnational corporations' innovative activities. First, different units of
multinational firms, including foreign-based subsidiaries, are increasingly involved in
the generation, use and transmission of knowledge. Secondly, multinationals are developing
external networks of relationships with local counterparts, through which foreign
affiliates gain access to external knowledge sources and application abilities.
Transnational Corporations and Global Citizenship - HAZEL
HENDERSON.
Abstract: Transnational corporations are major global actors, many larger than most nation
states. The evolution of their organizational structures and of relevant national and
international law is reviewed briefly.
Transnational Corporations, Competition and Monopoly - Rhys
Jenkins, University of E. Anglia, Norwich.
The paper argues that much of the literature on the impact of Transnational Corporations
on the Third World is located at the level of circulation. Making use of the recent
critical literature on monopoly and competition, it is argued that surplus profits earned
by Transnational Corporations in Third World countries are not primarily the result of
market power, but derive from their ability to enter markets in which very favorable
demand conditions exist and from their productivity advantages with respect to local
firms.
A New Transnational Corporate Social Structure of Accumulation for Long-Wave
Upswing in the World Economy? - Phillip Anthony O’Hara.
Abstract: This article examines whether a new transnational corporate
social structure of
accumulation (SSA) has emerged in the global economy to promote long-wave upswing. It
explores the main tendencies of the transnational corporate system; three main engines of
potential growth; and the evidence of profitability, accumulation, productivity, and
growth. A new transnational
corporate SSA does not seem to be operating, and long-wave upswing is not evident for the
global corporate economy.
The Power of Rights: Imposing Human Rights Duties on Transnational Corporations
for Environmental Harms - AMY SINDEN, Temple University - James E. Beasley
School of Law.
THE NEW CORPORATE
ACCOUNTABILITY: CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AND THE LAW - Doreen McBarnet,
Aurora Voiculescu, & Tom Campbell, eds., Cambridge University Press, 2007. Abstract: This essay attempts to construct a normative justification for the
imposition of human rights duties on transnational corporations that commit environmental wrongs
in the developing world.
The extent to which the normative
justifications for civil and political human rights have traditionally been rooted in a
perceived need to counteract the imbalance of power between the individual and the state,
it becomes clear that it is frequently far more appropriate to treat Transnational
Corporations as “like states” than “like individuals.” Many
Transnational Corporations wield more power and resources than many states.
Human rights
duties should be imposed directly on Transnational Corporations for environmental harms.
Transnational corporations and the geographical transfer of localised
technology: a multi-industry study of foreign affiliates in Sweden - Inge Ivarsson,
Department of Human and Economic Geography, School of Economics and Commercial Law,
Sweden.
Abstract: Based on unique firm-level data from 323 majority-owned foreign
affiliates located in West Sweden in the beginning of 2000, we show that
foreign-located affiliates of transnational corporations generate technological competencies, both
internally as well as through organised cooperation with external business partners in the
host country. Not only the
technological competence of majority-owned foreign affiliates themselves, but even the geographical context in which
they are embedded is a relational asset that is crucial for the overall technological
competitiveness of Transnational Corporations. However, technological linkages
between foreign Transnational Corporations and host country partners does not come
automatically, instead they need substantial and long-term investments in personal and
non-personal resources.
Transnational Corporations and the Global Food System - McLaughlin,
Martin M - Center of Concern.
Abstract: This chapter from the book World Food Security describes in very accessible
terms the structure and behavior of the global food system, likening it to a corporate
cartel dominated by a handful of powerful food companies.
US-Based Transnational Corporations and Emerging Markets -
Nitzan, Jonathan. (1996). Emerging Markets Analyst. Vol. 5. No. 3. July.
Abstract or Brief Description: Transnational corporations are accounting for a growing
share of global economic activity and their dependence on emerging markets is rapidly
rising. For US-based Transnational Corporations, the attraction of emerging markets stems
from superior economic growth, higher rates of return and, most importantly, from the
prospects of expanding market share.
Transnational Corporations and Education: Current Issues and Prospects
- Cieslik, Jerzy.
Abstract: Discusses how transnational corporations might contribute to various forms of
education in developing countries and describes measures states should take to encourage
their receiving benefits.
Human rights and transnational corporations: the way forward
High Commissioner’s Report: A speaker summarised the report of the Commissioner of
Human Rights on the responsibilities of transnational corporations and related business
enterprises with regard to human rights. The report
reviewed existing initiatives and standards and compared their scope and legal status, in
particular the ILO Tripartite Declaration of Principles concerning Multinational
Enterprises and Social Policy, the OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises, the
United Nations Global Compact, and the draft Norms on the Responsibilities of
Transnational Corporations and Other Business Enterprises with regard to Human Rights.
Human rights codes for transnational corporations: what can the Sullivan and
MacBride principles tell us?
McCrudden, C (1999) Human rights codes for transnational corporations: what can
the Sullivan and MacBride principles tell us?
Abstract: The development of codes of conduct for transnational corporations is
considered, particularly those involving human and labour rights. The issue of compliance
with such codes is examined through a detailed consideration of the development and
operation of the Sullivan and MacBride Principles. The origin, evolution, and effects of
these Principles is considered. Particular attention is paid to institutional and other
features surrounding their enforcement, including the use of selective purchasing,
shareholder activism, and linkage to government financial incentives.
HOPE-HELIUM: GLOBAL SOCIAL CHANGE AND RATIONALE OF TRANSNATIONAL
CORPORATIONS’ PARTNERSHIP WITH COMMUNITY FOUNDATIONS -
SVETLANA V. POUCHKAREVA.
Abstract: With the purpose of generating a discussion over the rationale of transnational
corporations’ partnership with community foundations, the scholar explores a blend of
theories from political, business and social studies and matches them with the data
received from community foundations and the partner transnational corporations in seven
countries. The study approaches concepts of global social change and social capital
affecting transnational corporations and suggests that community foundations, due to their
features of ‘glocality’ and ‘epistemics’, assist transnational
corporations to strategically align their business needs with the demands of their
multiple communities, maximise their competitive advantages.