STATISTICAL SCHOOL
Statistical School is associated with early social scientists like Adolphe Quetelet (1795-1874) and
Andre-Michel Guerry (1802-1866), who began to explore the structure of emerging European
societies with the assistance of statistical methods.
While their early use of
statistics is important they also developed a structural explanation of crime and other
social problems.
Although this work was to
become important later, it was overshadowed by the importance given to the more
individualistic theories of Lombroso.
There are many other Statistical Schools:
British biometrical/statistical school of genetics that was
particularly active in the first half of the 20th century.
The "Portuguese Statistical School of Extremes",
which today is internationally respected.
Statistical School for Anthropologists.
Russian statistical school of XVIII-XIX centuries.
Encounter with the Italian Statistical School: A
conversation with Carlo Benedetti - ideas.repec.org/p/wpa/wuwpem/0507009.html
Are the Astrophysical and Statistical Schools of Irreversibility Compatible ?
BENJAMIN GAL-OR, Department of Aeronautics, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa
A SERIOUS crisis at the foundations of natural sciences has been generated recently by the
astrophysical school of thought which maintains that the origin of irreversibility and all
time asymmetries observed in nature can be traced back to initial conditions which gave
rise to the present expansion of the universe as a whole. The astrophysical school has
been considered to be in serious contradiction to the more established statistical school5
which claims that irreversibility and time asymmetries originate in the nature of
macroscopic observations; that is, in the macroscopic instrument which records information
and which retains a record of it. I wish to show how both schools of thought are
essentially compatible with each other in particular from a cosmological viewpoint of
entropy-free thermodynamics. - nature.com/nature/journal/v234/n5326/abs/234217a0.html
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