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| Gary Marx's article, "Ironies
of Social Control," describes three ways in which social control can result
in deviant behavior. Note the three concepts in Marx's title: escalation, nonenforcement,
and covert facilitation. - web.mit.edu/gtmarx/ Deflem, Mathieu. 1992. The
Invisibilities of Social Control: Uncovering Gary Marxs
Discovery of Undercover. Crime, Law and Social Change 18(1/2):177-192. -
mathieudeflem.net
Over the last five to ten years, research on undercover policing has received increasing
attention in sociology and criminology. Of considerable influence in this regard has been
the work of Gary Marx. Especially since the publication of his acclaimed book, Undercover:
Police Surveillance in America (1988a), the debate on undercover law enforcement and other
related forms of social control has come to the foreground of discussion.
In this paper I wish to discuss Gary Marxs analysis of covert policing from the
perspective of the sociology of social control. I will first show how Marx, from his
initial research on collective behavior and social movements, started to focus on
undercover work as an exceptional police strategy. Next, I want to demonstrate that
undercover law enforcement in Marxs work is essentially related to other important
trends in social control, and that undercover policing should be understood as only one
manifestation in a new wave of covert social control strategies.
Deflem, Mathieu. 1994. Social Control and the Theory of Communicative
Action.
International Journal of the Sociology of Law 22(4):355-373. - mathieudeflem.net
Abstract: This papers develops a perspective of social control on the basis of Jürgen
Habermas' theory of communicative action. Previous attempts to apply Habermas' theory to
the study of criminal justice and social control have mostly misunderstood or neglected
crucial elements of his theoretical project. In discussion with these former applications,
and in comparison with the Foucauldian inspired revisionist theories of social control,
this paper advances the idea that social control should be conceived in the duality
between lifeworld and system, involving state and private agents of control, that are
directed at interventions in a plurality of lifeworlds, either on the basis of systems
imperatives or in response to lifeworld demands. |
Technology and Social Control: The Search for the Illusive Silver
Bullet
In the International Encyclopedia of the Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2001
Gary T. Marx, Professor Emeritus, MIT - web.mit.edu/gtmarx/www/techandsocial.html
Abstract: One aspect of modernization is the use of science-based technology in rule
enforcement. In the engineered society an ethos of rationalization is seen in
the application of means to ends, whether this involves manufacturing, agriculture or
efforts to control human behavior. Six social control strategies are discussed and
illustrated: target removal, target devaluation, target insulation, offender
incapacitation, offender exclusion and identification of offenses and offenders. In
complex settings in a democratic society, relying primarily on technology to control human
behavior has clear social and ethical limitations.
Park's view is that society is best conceived as the product of interactions between
component individuals which are controlled by a body of traditions and norms that arise in
the process of interaction. Social control is "the central fact and the central
problem of society - www2.pfeiffer.edu/~lridener/DSS/Park/PARKW2.HTML
The Poverty of Social Control: explaining power in the historical
sociology of the welfare state. - Robert van Krieken University of Sydney Published in:
Sociological Review - The Poverty of Social Control: explaining power in the historical
sociology of the welfare state - Abstract -
usyd.edu.au/su/social/robert/papers/poverty.html
What are deviant behavior and social control? In chapter 1 of Deviant Behavior Erich
Goode begins by debunking what he considers false conceptions of deviance. His "Five
Misleading Definitions of Deviance" correspond to the misconceptions of many
laypersons and several scholars as well.
extend.indiana.edu/courses/soc/socs320b/lesson1/disc1a.htm
Social Control of Health Behaviors: A Comparison of Young, Middle-Aged, and Older
Adults
Joan S. Tucker, David J. Klein and Marc N. Elliott
RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, California.
Social control can positively influence health behaviors, but changes in social networks
over time may cause older adults to experience less health-related social control. The
size and composition of social control networks, and receipt of health-related social
control, were examined in a probability sample of 509 household residents (aged 2580
years) in Los Angeles County who completed a telephone survey. Compared with younger and
middle-aged adults, older adults identified fewer people who attempted to influence their
health behaviors and fewer health behaviors that others urged them to change. Older adults
also reported less frequent social control attempts aimed at modifying their health
behaviors, even after health status, health habits, and social network characteristics
were controlled for. Possible explanations for these age-related differences are
discussed. - psychsoc.gerontologyjournals.org/ cgi/content/abstract/59/4/P147
Narrative and Social Control - Critical Perspectives
Edited by: Dennis K. Mumby University of North Carolina
Series: SAGE Series in Communication Research
Description: "Readers will find Dennis K. Mumby's collection most useful for the
connections it establishes between narrative analysis, in social setting and postmodern
light. . . .What is important about this book is the range of projects presented using
narrative to examine issues of power and control." --Discourse and Society. What is
the relationship between narrative, society, and the forms of control that function in
society? This critical analysis examines the role of narrative in the creation of various
social realities in a variety of communication contexts. The central theme of Narrative
and Social Control is that narrative is a pervasive form of human communication that is
integral to the production and shaping of social order. Each chapter provides both a
theoretical framework and an examination of narratives in a range of communication
contexts--interpersonal, small group, organizational, and mass mediated--illustrating the
far-reaching impact of narrative on our lives and social organizations. This critical
perspective is essential reading for scholars, students, and professionals in
communication studies, organization studies, family studies, cultural studies, sociology,
political science, peace studies, anthropology, philosophy, and gender studies. -
sagepub.com
Bad conversation? Gender and social control in a Kentish borough, c. 1450c.
1570
KAREN JONES and MICHAEL ZELL
Humanities School, University of Greenwich, London
Abstract: The image of the nagging woman being ducked as a scold is firmly ensconced among
popular images of women in the past, but the historical phenomenon of prosecutions for
scolding, though it has been briefly touched on in many studies, has been the subject of
only two substantial contributions, those of David Underdown and Martin Ingram. Underdown
has maintained that from the 1560s there was increasing concern with scolds, which he
links with the rise in witchcraft prosecutions and growing anxiety about domineering and
unfaithful wives. Accepting the notion of a crisis of order in the decades
around 1600, he postulates as an aspect of this a crisis in gender relations
which he attributes to a decline in neighbourliness and social harmony resulting from the
spread of capitalism. He bases his argument partly on literary sources, including plays,
sermons and popular pamphlets (though conceding that literary evidence is not conclusive
and that the misogynistic tradition in literature is a long one) and partly on a somewhat
impressionistic survey of court records from around 1560 to around 1640. This period, he
claims, witnessed an intense preoccupation with women perceived as threatening the
patriarchal order, manifested by greater numbers of prosecutions of scolds and other
disorderly women than in the preceding and subsequent periods, and by more severe
punishments, notably the cucking-stool. Women accused as scolds, he maintains, were
usually poor, widows, newcomers, social outcasts or those lacking the protection of
a family, and were likely to vent their frustration on local notables as the nearest
symbols of authority. He suggests that both the prosecution of scolds and their punishment
by ducking were more common in towns and wood-pasture villages than in arable areas (such
as that around Fordwich in Kent, the borough we will be looking at); however, he admits
that rural records have survived less well than urban, and gives no quantified evidence
for the alleged lenience of the authorities in arable villages towards
disorderly women. - journals.cambridge.org/
action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=69440
A Behavioral Analysis of a Social Control Agency: Synanon
Robert L. Karen, San Diego College Ph.D., (Psychology), 1965, Arizona State
University
Roland C. Bower, San Diego State College M.A. (Sociology), 1961, University of California,
Los Angeles
The function of the therapeutic agency is essentially no more than the control of social
behavior, and agents of the therapeutic agency use techniques based on a particular theory
of behavior causation and control. In the behavioral analysis, emphasis is placed on past
and present environmental conditions and their effects on current behavior. The agent or
therapist thus manipu lates the person's environment to produce changes in behavior
through social interaction.
Synanon, a group aimed at rehabilitating narcotics addicts, provides an interesting
example of a social control agency in a setting which uses, among other things, principles
of operant conditioning (conditioning of speech and movement) through the definition of
overt response classes (responses having similar or identical consequences and occurring
in the same stimulus situation), response contingent consequences (consequences that
consistently occur as the result of certain responsesreinforce ment or punishment),
and other behavior control procedures through its program of membership interaction.
Documents, interviews, and field observations provide examples of Synanon procedures
(especially operant conditioning) that are analogous to those employcd by modern behavior
therapists. Synanon's program, although it has some weaknesses, is relatively successful
in helping the member to overcome his addiction to narcotics. -
jrc.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/5/1/18
Misconduct and Social Control in Science: Issues, Problems, Solutions
Mary Frank Fox, John M. Braxton
The Journal of Higher Education, Vol. 65, No. 3, Special Issue: Perspectives on Research
Misconduct (May - Jun., 1994), pp. 373-383 doi:10.2307/2943973
Abstract: This article analyzes the roles of segments of the trans-scientific community in
exercising social control of misconduct, the limitations on control, and implications for
policy on misconduct and its control. - jstor.org
Readings in the Social Control of Industry by A Committee of the American Economic
Association
Review author[s]: L. Jay Atkinson, The Journal of Land & Public Utility
Economics, Vol. 19, No. 1 (Feb., 1943), pp. 112-114 doi:10.2307/3158985
This is a selection of fifteen articles from economics and law journals. - jstor.org
APPALACHIAN WOMEN - Violence and Social Control
PATRICIA L. GAGNÉ
Journal of Contemporary Ethnography, Vol. 20, No. 4, 387-415 (1992) DOI:
10.1177/089124192020004001 © 1992 SAGE Publications
The findings from case study research conducted in a small, rural central Appalachian
community during the winter of 1987-1988 suggest that standard definitions of wife abuse
obscure the elements of social control inherent in violent activities, while obviating the
relationship between violence and other forms of social control. Three categories of
control are developed. The first, normative control, refers to socially accepted ways in
which women's lives are constrained by norms and ideology. The second, persuasive control,
refers to nonviolent means of social control, including repeated verbal requests,
withholding transportation, forced parenthood, and the use of stereotypes and ideologies
to isolate women. The third, violence, refers to the threat and use of physical assault
and the use of weapons to instill fear. The context-specific approach is used to
demonstrate that social control is dependent on a culture and social structure which
condone men's domination of women and that without cultural acceptance of and structural
support for men's authority over women, violence would be less effective as a means of
social control. - jce.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/20/4/387
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