HIDDEN CURRICULUM

Curriculum theorists distinguish between the formal or official curriculum from the actual or hidden curriculum. Hidden Curriculum is the norms, values, and social expectations indirectly conveyed to students by the styles of teaching. Hidden curriculum can foster both empowering and disempowering behavior. Hidden curriculum always has a normative, or moral, component and that educators have a responsibility to make the hidden curriculum as explicit as possible. Many recent treatments of the hidden curriculum have overlooked historical antecedents of the early progressive curriculum literature. Hidden curriculum refers to knowledge gained in school settings, usually with a negative connotation where the school strives for equal intellectual development. The influence of the hidden curriculum on educational outcomes is equal to or greater than the overt or intended curriculum. Exposing the Hidden Curriculum (Portelli, John P).

Learning and social change: The formal and the hidden curriculum - Bonni Yordi
Abstract This article reviews the learning process and ways in which it can hinder or contribute to intellectual development, the development of critical consciousness (as defined by Paulo Freire), and social change. Interviews with students illustrate that Freire's concepts are applicable to understanding the process students describe as they extrapolate the hidden curriculum, examine the effect on their learning process, and struggle to free themselves from this socialization process.

Critical Race Theory, Multicultural (Multiculturalism) Education, and the Hidden Curriculum of Hegemony - Michelle Jay, University of North Carolina. Embracing a critical race theory perspective, the researcher argues for a revisiting of the role of the hidden curriculum in education, particularly as it pertains to multicultural education. Through its failure to appreciate the challenges posed by the hidden curriculum, multicultural education gets appropriated as a "hegemonic device" that secures a continued position of power and leadership for the dominant groups in society. The author calls on those who conduct research on multicultural education to turn their attention to the ways in which the hidden curriculum keeps multicultural education stagnant.

Staying On At 16+: a hidden curriculum of tutoring - Eggleston J. Abstract: Staying on after minimum school leaving age has long been a key indicator of the distribution of educational opportunity and life chances. Its growing incidence has been a major component of the expansion of school and post school education in Britain in the closing quarter of the twentieth century.

What Should We Do With a Hidden Curriculum When We Fine One? - Martin, Jane R. A hidden curriculum consists of those learning states of a setting that are either unintended or intended but not openly acknowledged to the learners in the setting unless the learners are aware of them. Consciousness-raising may be the best weapon of individuals who are subject to hidden curricula.

Integration and the hidden curriculum in business education
Ottewill, Roger; McKenzie, George; Leah, Jean. Abstract: Purpose - The principal aim of this paper is to present the case for securing greater affinity between the formal curriculum and the hidden curriculum with respect to integration in business education. Consideration is given to the concept of the hidden curriculum, as manifested in the compartmentalised nature of academia and the need for this to be offset by business educators. A number of principles for configuring the hidden curriculum in ways that support the goal of integration are suggested. The paper complements the very limited literature on the hidden curriculum in higher education.

What do Students Learn when we Teach Music? - An Investigation of the Hidden Curriculum in a University Music Department - Stephanie E. Pitts, University of Sheffield.
Students and staff gave their views on the messages and values communicated through the teaching and atmosphere of the music department, so building up a preliminary picture of the hidden curriculum, which runs alongside more formal teaching. The results of the study show a realization that responsibility for learning lies with the students, despite a high level of dependence on teaching staff for motivation and guidance. The conclusion is that the hidden curriculum has an important role to play in shaping the student experience of university.

The hidden curriculum in undergraduate medical education: qualitative study of medical students' perceptions of teaching
Heidi Lempp, senior qualitative research and Clive Seale, professor of sociology.
Abstract: Objective To study medical students' views about the quality of the teaching they receive during their undergraduate training in terms of the hidden curriculum. Conclusions: Following on from the recent reforms of the manifest curriculum, the hidden curriculum now needs attention to produce the necessary fundamental changes in the culture of undergraduate medical education.

Hidden curriculum in the university - G. Bergenhenegouwen
Abstract This article contains the results of two research projects in the faculty of social science of the University of Amsterdam into the hidden curriculum in university. The results show that students do experience something like a hidden curriculum in university study. What the hidden curriculum in university is? and what extra things are learnt in addition to the official curriculum? There appears to be a tendency among students to study not only for the sake of a diploma (exchange value), but also to make the study more practicable in their personal lives and find a link with their own everyday experience. The latter attitude towards study appears to be an important factor to minimize the effect of the hidden curriculum and so to do more justice to the official curriculum.

The Hidden Curriculum: What do we really want our students to learn?
Edward F. Redish, University of Maryland, College Park MD. We often say we want them to "learn problem solving", but we usually have in mind complex, expert problem solving skills. I refer to this gap between what we want and what we do as representing a "hidden curriculum". At the University of Maryland, the Physics Education Research Group has been exploring some of the components of the hidden curriculum.