GENDER GAP

Paula England argues that the Gender Gap in pay is an expression of the generally devalued social status of women. Gender gap is also the gap between the political party preferences of men and women. Gender Gap led to the Glass Ceiling Hypothesis. The Global Gender Gap Report is published the World Economic Forum. The 2020 report (published in 2019) covers 153 countries. The Global Gender Gap Index is an index designed to measure gender equality. The Global Gender Gap Index is designed to "measure gender-based gaps in access to resources and opportunities in countries rather than the actual levels of the available resources and opportunities in those countries." Gender gap in India is due to patriarchy. Among all the Indian states and union territories, Rajasthan had the highest gender gap in literacy rate (27%), more than twice the average gender gap in literacy rate in India (13. 45%). Gender Gap Index ranks countries according to calculated gender gap between women and men in four key areas: health, education, economy and politics to gauge the state of gender equality in a country. The report measures women's disadvantage compared to men, and is not a measure of equality of the gender gap. With internet penetration on the rise, edtech startups can address the low literacy rate and the wide gender gap through innovation and viable business models. The political party preferences of men and women are gender specific. Women will generally favour peace loving welfare oriented parties than men.

The three highest-ranking countries have closed over 84% of their gender gaps, while the lowest-ranking country has closed only a little over 50% of its gender gap. It assesses countries on how well they are dividing their resources and opportunities among their male and female populations, regardless of the overall levels of these resources and opportunities.

Gender gap became significant during the 1990s, with women in most western societies more likely to support liberal or socialist parties and men more likely to support conservative or right of centre parties. Social construction of gender specifies the socially and culturally prescribed gender roles that men and women are to follow in a society dominated by men.

The Compassion Strategy - Race and the Gender Gap in Campaign 2000
Vincent L. Hutchings, Nicholas A. Valentino, Tasha S. Philpot and Ismail K. White. Recent studies have shown that social "compassion" issues, and not those directly linked to women’s interests, seem to drive the gender gap in presidential vote choice. Some of these compassion issues are associated with the plight of racial minorities in the media and in the minds of average citizens. Drawing on theories of gender role socialization, we predict that traditional partisan stands on racial issues may help to explain the gender gap. The gender gap is maximized when Bush takes the traditional Republican stance, while it is reduced significantly when Bush espouses a more moderate position. The gender gap is unaffected by variation in the position that Bush takes on women’s issues. In another experiment, we also find that the gender gap emerges when traditional partisan appeals are racialized.

The Gender Gap and Women's Political Influence - CAROL MUELLER. Political parties are now bridging gender gap by giving some attention to positioning their policies and advertising to appeal to both women and men. A gender gap of six to eight percentage points differentiated the vote of women from that of men throughout the presidential elections of the 1980s.

The "Gender Gap" in Authorship of Academic Medical Literature - A 35-Year Perspective.
ABSTRACT: Background Participation of women in the medical profession has increased during the past four decades, but issues of concern persist regarding disparities between the sexes in academic medicine.

The Partisan Paradox - Religious Commitment and the Gender Gap in Party Identification
Karen M. Kaufmann. Scholarly literature points to the growing influence of religious devotion on U.S. partisanship. This article attempts to reconcile the growing religious commitment cleavage in the American party system with the commensurate growth in the gender gap. Religious commitment affects partisan choices but does not override the powerful effects of gender. Gender differences in support for the social welfare state and the preeminence of social welfare opinion in the partisan calculus of men and women largely explain the persistence of the gender gap.