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Capital
is accumulation of goods or wealth used for the production of other goods and services
rather than for immediate or personal use.
If one just plays games on their computer, the computer can not
be considered capital. However, if it is used to produce reports or graphs which are then
sold, the computer can be considered capital. Capital is central to a capitalist economic
system.
Other than economic or financial capital, we also have human
capital, social capital or individual capital.
Occupational Segregation, Human Capital, and Motherhood
Black Women's Higher Exit Rates from Full-time Employment
LORI L. REID, Florida State University lreid@coss.fsu.edu
Gender & Society, Vol. 16, No. 5, 728-747 (2002) DOI: 10.1177/0891243202016005009 ©
2002 Sociologists for Women in Society
Recent research indicates that among young women, Blacks have lower employment rates than
whites. Evidence is provided about whether young Black women's lower employment rates stem
from structural features of the labor market, discrimination, or changing family or
individual characteristics. Data show that Black women exit full-time employment at higher
rates because they are more likely to be laid off, to leave because they work in
temporary/seasonal jobs, and to leave for other reasons. Structural features of the labor
market are key in explaining Black women's higher rates of lay-offs, exits from
temporary/seasonal work, and exits for other reasons. Individual characteristics and
discrimination play a role in Black women's higher rates of lay-offs and exits for other
reasons while family characteristics are important in explaining Black women's higher
rates of leaving temporary/seasonal work and leaving for other reasons. Evidence suggests
that Black women's higher exit rates are indicative of disadvantage in the labor market. -
gas.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/16/5/728
The Effects of Social Group Membership and Social Capital Resources on Careers
Rochelle Parks-Yancy, Texas Southern University
Journal of Black Studies, Vol. 36, No. 4, 515-545 (2006) DOI: 10.1177/0021934704273501 ©
2006 SAGE Publications
Using a nationally representative sample, this study looks at the effects of race, gender,
and social capital resources on two career measures: (a) earnings and (b) promotions. The
author finds that blacks suffer a social capital deficit relative to whites and that men
and whites’ career advantages accumulate over time, whereas blacks’
disadvantages accumulate, as well. Thus, race, gender, and social capital resources
contribute to unequal career trajectories, and these results generalize to the U.S.
population. - jbs.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/36/4/515 |
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