Sociology Index Editor: rajrathnamvenpro@yahoo.co.in
Guide: Prof Son-Ung Kim
Specialized Sociology Subfields
Career Opportunities for Sociology Students
Sociology is the science whose object is to interpret the meaning of social action according to Max Weber. Sociology thereby gives a causal explanation of the way in which the action proceeds and the effects which it produces.
Man is double according to David Emile Durkheim. An individual being which has its foundation in the organism and the circle of whose activities is therefore strictly limited. A social being which represents the highest reality in the intellectual and moral order that we can know by observation.
Society is best conceived as the product of
interactions between component individuals controlled by a body of traditions and norms.
According to Park social control is the central fact and
the central problem of society.
The problems of modern life flow from the attempt of the individual to maintain the
independence and individuality of his existence against the sovereign powers of society. -
Georg Simmel.
Sociology of Globalization and Society
The globalization process is seen as driven by the growth of international capitalism and involving the transformation of the culture and social structures of non-capitalist and pre-industrial societies.
Globalization is marked by the expansion of the size and power of multinational corporations. Globalization is a world-wide process of the internationalization of communication, trade, human resource and economic organization.
Sociologists have viewed social movements with a number of different perspectives - social movements as a response to social strains, as a reflection of trends and directions throughout the society more generally and as a reflection of individual dissatisfaction and feelings of deprivation.
Social organization [social institution] works to socialize the groups or people in it. Social organization are patterns of relationships organized to meet some human needs.
Formal organizations are typically understood to be systems of coordinated and controlled activities that arise when work is embedded in complex networks of technical relations and boundary-spanning exchanges. But in modern societies, formal organizational structures arise in highly institutional contexts.
Sociology of the information society, in particular the social-cultural, political, and organizational aspects. Cultural change through the information revolution, changing patterns of work, employment, time and space in everyday life.
Society has several mechanisms for building us and our personality. The first mechanism is socialization and the second mechanism is social control
Through socialization we learn who we are and what is expected of us and others in our culture. All of our identities come from society. Socialization begins in childhood and continues throughout our lives as we encounter and move through different institutions.
Population Studies and Social Demography
The study of populations, including their size, structure and transformations. Overview of population processes: How populations grow and change over time - fertility, mortality, and migration.
Demography deals with human populations; the statistical analysis of births, deaths, migrations, disease, fertility, growth and economic issues, as illustrating the conditions of life in communities.
Deviance generally refers to violations of social norms (including legal norms) but many sociologists reject this behavioral or normative definition of deviance and see deviance instead as simply a label. Deviance in this view is that which we react to, through social control responses, as deviance.
Sociology and Agents of Social Change
What does social change mean? To explore the notion of social change and agents of social change.
As social beings, we all are immersed in group settings, at school, in the family, and at work.
Social phenomena is all about groups. Groups are the context for most social activities.
Everybody belongs to a group: audiences, boards of directors, committees, dance troupes, families, gangs, juries, orchestras, sororities, teams, and even terrorists.
Vertical Social Mobility and Horizontal Social Mobility
Social mobility is typically measured by comparing the status positions of adult children to that of their parents (intergenerational mobility), but it can be measured by comparing a person's status position over their own lifetime (intragenerational mobility). Sociologists see social mobility as a useful way to measure equality of opportunity.
Postmodernism is hard to define, because it is a concept that appears in a wide variety of disciplines or areas of study, including art, architecture, music, film, literature, sociology, communications, fashion, and technology. It's hard to locate postmodernism temporally or historically, because it's not clear exactly when postmodernism begins.
Social Power and Social Empowerment
Social power is exercised within any given society in a variety of forms: coercive, economic and ideological. Power is the dynamic which keeps the social world in motion. Social power may be used for good or for ill. Social power is the ability to influence other people. What gives people power? Why is it so often abused?
Construction and Analysis of Social Problems
The study of social problems focuses on analyzing broader social and structural sources and contributors to issues that are problematic for and detrimental to the social health of a society, and then creating solutions based on it.
Social Inequality and Social Injustice
Social inequality is a fundamental aspect of virtually all social processes, and a person's position in the Social Stratification system is the most consistent predictor of his or her behavior, attitudes, and life chances.
Social Institutions and Social Structure
Social structure is the patterned and relatively stable arrangement of roles and statuses found within societies and social institutions.
The idea of social structure points out the way in which societies, and institutions within them, exhibit predictable patterns of organization, activity and social interaction.
Collective Behavior and Mass Behavior
Collective behavior is activity involving a relatively large number of people, often spontaneous. Social movements and activism are organized and relatively sustained activities that have a clear goal in terms of achieving or preventing some.
In all societies and civilizations, people have absorbed themselves in episodes of dramatic behavior, such as the crowd, the riot, and revolutions. The nature of these episodes has evolved into a field of sociology and a concept known as collective behavior.
Social class implies a group of individuals sharing a common situation within a social structure, usually their shared place in the structure of ownership and control of the means of production.
An overview of existing empirical insights on the interrelationship between the socio-cultural dimension and economic development.
Macrosociology is an approach to sociology which emphasizes the analysis of social systems and populations on a large scale. Microsociology focuses on the individual social agency.
Minority Problems and Minority Conflict
Types of minorities and typical sources of minority conflict, the problems minorities experience, their grievances and demands form a major part of study regarding minority problems.
Social planning as a perspective on society, an approach to planning, and methods for helping communities develop. How planners can take communities seriously.
Social psychology is the scientific study of how we interact and influence other people. Social psychology looks more specifically at individual or personal explanations.
Sociology of Aging and Gerontology - Aging is a phenomenon that affects all human beings. Gerontology is the branch of science that deals with old age, the ageing process, and the problems faced by old people in society.
Sociology of Education - How social institutions and experiences within these institutions affect educational processes and social development. Education and society, educational processes and the social foundations of education.
Rural Sociology - Sociological approaches to rural policy challenges, issues such as community revitalization, rural demographic changes, rural development, environmental impacts, and rural-urban linkages.
Sociology of Family - The social, cultural, political and economic impacts of changing families. The family has many forms, like the two-parent family, single-parent family, blended family, same-sex family and adoptive family.
Economic Sociology - Sociological Economics a subject of sociological inquiry ever since the birth of sociology as a discipline, and Economic Sociology is certainly one of the most dynamic fields of sociology today.
Sociology of Literature - The roles of literature in society, and of society in literature. Literature is social evidence and reflects society and society shapes literature. Relationship between literature and society.
Sociology of Children - social circumstances of children’s lives, social class differences in children’s life experiences, perspectives on childhood socialization, gender and racial socialization of children, and also peer cultures created by children.
Historical Sociology - There has been important development in contemporary sociology and history after a setback due to fascism and Stalinism. Historical Sociology studies the past to find out how societies work and change.
Sociology of Mass Communication - Social role and importance of modern media in communication and culture. Academic programs for the study of mass media are usually referred to as mass communication programs.
Sociology of Knowledge - Sociology of knowledge is the study of the social bases of what is known, believed or valued both by individuals and society.
Sociology of Leisure & Sport - Critical thought, and theory development on issues pertaining to the sociology of sport.
Society and Atheism - Atheism is as old as religion. Epicurus was a materialist and probably the first to develop the argument from evil.
Sociology of Human Ecology - Human ecology is about how the relationship between the individual and the natural environment is mediated through society?
Mass Communication Mass Society - 'Mass communication' refers to distribution of entertainment, arts, information, and messages by mass media. Social processes such as urbanization blurred the sharp distinctions that had divided society leading to mass society.
Sociology of Gambling - The economics and legality of gambling. In sociology of gambling we study gambling as a consequence of the social or subcultural environment in which the gambler lives.
Sociology of Sexualities - Sexuality is an individual, biological and psychological phenomena.
Political Sociology - Political Sociology is the Study of Socio-Political Phenomena.
Urban Sociology - In urban sociology the assumption is that place matters.
Sociology of Disability - Disability is a restriction of activity caused by a contemporary social organization to people who have physical impairments excluding them from the mainstream of social activities.
Sociology of Rape - The study of rape or sexual assault has grown greatly due to feminism. Rape is a social harm directly touching a number of women and in many ways.
Military Sociology - Military Sociology examines the impact of the military on society. The military as a social institution. Contemporary military issues, situations, and problems
Sociology of Health - Health and Social Behavior and the Sociological Concepts of Health.
Sociology of Law - Respect for the law comes from the fact that the law expresses the will of the citizens.
Sociological Methodology - Methods of research in the social sciences.
Sociology of Work and Industry Sociology of Work includes a wide range of work areas.
Sociology of Death and Dying - We subconsciously fear that we are all to be victims of death. What is the relationship between one's idea of death and one's idea of oneself.
Sociology of Music, Art, TV, Film - Sociology of art is concerned with the social worlds of art and aesthetics. Social aspects, content, form and reception of film and music.
Suicide - Suicide is the act of ending or terminating one's own life. Suicide may be a result of depression, desperation or other situations like Altruistic Suicide, Egoistic Suicide, Anomic Suicide and Fatalistic Suicide..
Astrosociology a legitimate field the social science community and the space/aerospace community.
Archaeology and Archaeological Study of past cultures through discovery and examination.
Architecture, Architectural Sociology influenced by society and human behavior.
Aristocracy - Oligarchy is government of a State run by its elite citizens.
Bureaucracy is prominent in the large-scale administration of agencies of the modern state.
Capitalism - capital is privately owned and profit is reinvested so as to accumulate capital.
Colonialism - Political domination of one nation over another.
Communism - revolutionary social change rather than just electoral politics.
Crime and Criminology - Crime is the central focus of criminology and a major topic of the sociology of deviance.
Cyberocracy - the effects of the information revolution on business and government gives cyberocracy.
Democracy - Rule by the People, of the people, for the people with equal rights and equal right to vote.
Fascism - a form of extreme right-wing ideology - Fascism is political doctrine opposed to democracy.
Feudalism - reciprocal legal and military obligations revolving around concepts of lords, vassals, and fiefs.
Human Rights - Universal Declaration on Human Rights was adopted by UN General Assembly on Dec 10, 1948.
Imperialism is domination by one or more countries over others for political and economic objectives.
Nazism - remembered for its ideology of racial purity and of the superiority of the so-called Aryan race.
Social Capital - The term "social capital" is an analogous to human capital and physical capital.
Socialism upholds the principle of collectivity, rather than individualism.
Technocracy - emphasizes "hard" quantitative and econometric skills.
Theocracy - Many islamic countries are basically theocracies.
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